Individuals scale up carbon flow in ecosystems

Ammonium removal in granular activated carbon up-flow submerged reactors containing native bacterial consortium

Free ammonium in industries wastewater could be one of the worst toxic contaminants of aquatic life if diluted in water. Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) is the most common method for removing ammonium and nitrate from wastewater. Attached growth and suspended growth are the main BNR systems. The aim of the present work was to study the treatment of petrochemical wastewater (ammonium and nitra...

Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems

C R E I G H T O N M . L I T T O N *, J A M E S W. R A I C H w and M I C H A E L G . R YA N z§ *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, wDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA, zUSDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research...

Carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems.

Drylands occupy 6.15 billion hectares (Bha) or 47.2% of the world's land area. Of this, 3.5 to 4.0 Bha (57%-65%) are either desertified or prone to desertification. Despite the low soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, total SOC pool of soils of the drylands is 241 Pg (1 Pg = petagram = 10(15)g = 1 billion metric ton) or 15.5% of the world's total of 1550 Pg to 1-meter depth. Desertification...

Scale up of Flow in Porous Media 1

We study the scale up problem for ow in porous media. The general nature of this problem is outlined, leading to a discussion of assumptions on random elds appropriate for the description of geological heterogeneities. The main point of this paper is to use direct numerical simulation to evaluate the ensemble averages describing uid dispersion, for ow in porous media. The relation between ensem...

Production Scale Up of Nanofibers: A Review